Terrorism and extremism in the modern world and methods of its prevention

Currently, extremism and terrorism are a threat to national security of Tajikistan. Extremism is an exceptionally great danger, capable of destroying any society, even the most stable and prosperous.
One of the key areas of the fight against extremist and terrorist manifestations in the social environment is their prevention.
The prevention of extremism and terrorism is not only the task of the state, but also the task of representatives of civil society.
A special mission should be given to the family and the school, it is not a secret that social and material insecurity, frequent maximalism in assessments and judgments, psychological immaturity and significant dependence on someone else’s opinion, make it possible to easily spread radical ideas among young people.
In Tajikistan, extremist activities are:
– public justification of terrorism and other terrorist activities;
– the incitement (develops) of social, racial, national or religious hatred; propaganda of exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of a person on the basis of his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude towards religion;
– violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and citizen, depending on his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude towards religion;
– propaganda and public demonstration of Nazi attributes or symbols or attributes or symbols similar to Nazi attributes or symbols to the point of confusion;
– public calls for the implementation of these acts, or the mass distribution of deliberately extremist materials, as well as their production or storage for the purpose of mass distribution;
– the organization and preparation of these acts, as well as incitement to their implementation, etc.
Terrorism is the most dangerous form of extremism.
Terrorist crimes includes – a terrorist act, the taking of a hostage, the organization of an illegal armed formation and participation in it, the theft of air or water transport or a train, and a number of others.
The manifestation of terrorism entails massive human sacrifices, spiritual, material, cultural values ​​that cannot be recreated for centuries are being destroyed. It engenders hatred and mistrust between social and national groups. Terrorist acts led to the need to create an international system to combat it. For many people, groups, organizations, terrorism has become a way of solving problems: political, religious, national. Terrorism refers to those types of criminal violence, the victims of which can become innocent people, everyone who has nothing to do with the conflict.

These scientists worked in this sphere: the book of the Swiss researcher T. Deniker “Strategy of antiterrorism” is devoted to the study of the issue of international terrorism; the book of the French researcher Robert Sale “Terrorist challenge”, the book of the West German researcher I. Becker “Children of Hitler”, the book of the Polish explorer A. Bernhard “The Strategy of Terrorism”; the book of the Hungarian researcher E. Angel “Myths of the shocked creation” and a number of other authors.
However, terrorism – as a global problem requires constant attention and study and therefore represents a broad field for research with subsequent practical application.
Successful prevention and control of terrorism requires the efforts of all the major components of public and political life, and we need to have the political will to achieve success in the fight against terrorism. All forms of control and prevention should be interrelated and should complement each other.
At the present stage, there are such forms of prevention as domestic political, legal, institutional and international political, legal and institutional control.
Domestic political control over terrorism and international terrorism includes:
A) Common policy of the government;
B) Antiterrorist policy.
Under the common policy of the state with regard to terrorism should be understood: an independent direction of the state in the field of legislation governing the fight against crime, the definition of the structure of criminal justice bodies, the order and form of their functioning, the degree of public participation in combating crime.
To control and prevent terrorism in the state there must be a program for countering terrorist violence, which includes:
– cooperation between law enforcement, investigation and judicial authorities;­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

To control and prevent terrorism in the state there must be a program for countering terrorist violence, which includes:
– cooperation between law enforcement, investigation and judicial authorities;
– intensify education and improve the training of law enforcement officers in crime prevention, including the development of special training courses on counter-terrorism;
– providing effective control over weapons, ammunition, explosives and other dangerous materials that fall into the hands of persons who can use them for terrorist purposes;
– Enhanced cooperation between various law enforcement and judicial bodies, with due regard to respect for basic human rights;
– Development of programs for general legal education and public awareness raising by involving the media in order to educate the public about the danger posed by terrorist violence;
– effective protection of witnesses of terrorist acts, judges and criminal justice workers involved in litigations in cases of terrorist acts;
– development of guidelines for the media in order to prevent the creation of sensations and the justification of terrorist violence;
– Identification of areas of cooperation between States in criminal matters at all levels of the system of law enforcement and criminal justice.
The antiterrorist policy of the state should be based on the following grounds:
– ensuring full legal rights for all participants in the processes related to control over terrorism;
– Control in the conditions of national and international legality.
– interaction of law enforcement agencies and special units for preventing and combating terrorism;
– development and use of general and special methods of social prevention of terrorist acts;
– use in the prevention of acts of terrorism and international terrorism of the achievements of legal, humanitarian, technical sciences.

Prevention of extremism and terrorism is not only the task of the state, but also the task of representatives of civil society, citizens themselves.

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